BIPOLAR DISORDER

Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition marked by significant shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. People with bipolar disorder experience episodes of mania or hypomania (periods of elevated mood and increased energy) and depression (periods of low mood and decreased energy). These mood swings go beyond typical ups and downs and can deeply affect a person’s daily life, relationships, and overall well-being.

Bipolar disorder is a chronic condition, meaning it requires long-term management and support, but with the right care, individuals can lead healthy and fulfilling lives.

 

What Causes Bipolar Disorder?

The exact cause of bipolar disorder isn’t fully understood, but research suggests it stems from a combination of factors:

• Genetics: A family history of bipolar disorder or other mood conditions increases the risk.

• Brain chemistry: Imbalances in certain brain chemicals, called neurotransmitters, may play a role.

• Environmental triggers: Stressful life events, trauma, or major life changes can sometimes trigger episodes in individuals who are predisposed.

 

It’s important to remember that no single factor causes bipolar disorder, and each person’s experience is unique.

 

Bipolar Disorder in Children and Adolescents

Although often diagnosed in late adolescence or early adulthood, bipolar disorder can appear in children and teens. In younger individuals, symptoms may show up as:

• Rapid mood changes

• Intense irritability or emotional outbursts

• Trouble focusing or sitting still

• Sleep disruptions

• Risk-taking or impulsive behaviour

 

Because these symptoms can overlap with other conditions, such as ADHD or depression, a thorough evaluation by a mental health professional is essential. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a significant difference in long-term outcomes.

 

Signs and Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is characterized by distinct mood episodes:

• Manic Episodes: An abnormally high or irritable mood, increased energy, racing thoughts, reduced need for sleep, impulsive behavior, and a heightened sense of confidence or grandiosity.

• Hypomanic Episodes: Similar to mania but milder. A person may feel unusually upbeat, energetic, or productive—yet still in control.

• Depressive Episodes: Persistent sadness or hopelessness, low energy, changes in appetite or sleep, difficulty concentrating, and loss of interest in once-enjoyed activities. In some cases, suicidal thoughts may occur.

 

The frequency, intensity, and duration of these episodes can vary widely between individuals.

 

How to Support a Child with Bipolar Disorder

Caring for a child with bipolar disorder can feel overwhelming, but many supportive strategies can help:

• Maintain consistent routines to provide structure and predictability.

• Encourage open, non-judgmental communication so your child feels safe expressing their emotions.

• Promote healthy habits, including regular sleep, balanced nutrition, and physical activity.

• Teach and model coping skills, like mindfulness, journaling, or creative expression.

• Work closely with mental health professionals to develop a personalized treatment plan.

 

Support from family, school staff, and peer networks can play a powerful role in helping a child manage their symptoms.

 

When to Seek Professional Help

If your child is experiencing intense mood swings, difficulty functioning in daily life, or symptoms that interfere with school, friendships, or family life, it’s important to seek professional guidance.

 

A mental health provider—especially one experienced with children and adolescents—can provide a comprehensive assessment, make an accurate diagnosis, and recommend effective treatment options, which may include therapy, medication, or both.

 

Early intervention can lead to better long-term outcomes, helping your child build resilience, gain understanding, and develop tools to navigate life with confidence.