PSYCHOSIS

Psychosis is a serious mental health condition in which an individual experiences a disconnection from reality. It affects how a person thinks, feels, perceives, and behaves, often making it difficult to distinguish between what is real and what is not. Psychosis is not a diagnosis in itself but a symptom of an underlying condition, which may include mental health disorders, medical issues, or the effects of certain substances.

 

What Causes Psychosis?

Psychosis can arise from a variety of complex and interconnected factors. Common contributors include:

• Genetics: A family history of psychotic disorders can increase the likelihood of developing similar symptoms.

• Brain chemistry and structure: Imbalances in neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate, as well as structural or functional abnormalities in the brain, may play a role.

• Substance use: The use of drugs such as cannabis, LSD, methamphetamines, or other stimulants and hallucinogens can trigger psychosis, particularly in vulnerable individuals.

• Mental health disorders: Psychosis may occur as part of conditions like schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, or severe depression.

• Stress and trauma: Intense emotional stress, traumatic experiences, or major life changes can precipitate psychosis.

• Medical conditions: Certain physical health issues, such as brain infections, autoimmune disorders, epilepsy, or tumours—can lead to psychotic symptoms.

 

Psychosis in Children and Adolescents

Though less common, psychosis can occur in children and adolescents and may significantly disrupt their emotional, social, and cognitive development. Early recognition and prompt, specialized intervention are critical to achieving the best outcomes and supporting the young person’s well-being and growth.

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Signs and Symptoms of Psychosis

Psychotic symptoms can differ between individuals but often include:

• Hallucinations: Sensing things that aren’t there, such as hearing voices or seeing things that others do not.

• Delusions: Firmly held false beliefs that are inconsistent with reality (e.g., believing one has special powers or is being targeted).

• Disorganized thinking: Difficulty organizing thoughts, speaking clearly, or making logical connections.

• Unusual behavior: Actions that may appear erratic, impulsive, or out of character.

• Emotional instability: Rapid or intense mood changes, including anxiety, depression, or irritability.

• Social withdrawal: Avoiding friends, family, or activities they once enjoyed.

• Decline in functioning: Difficulty managing everyday tasks, including personal hygiene, schoolwork, or responsibilities.

• Sudden and intense shifts in mood, ranging from extreme excitement to profound sadness or irritability.

• Social withdrawal: Avoiding social interactions, isolating oneself, or having difficulty maintaining relationships.

• Impaired functioning: Decline in academic or occupational performance, neglecting personal hygiene, or experiencing difficulties with daily tasks.

 

How to Support a Child or Teen Experiencing Psychosis 

Helping a young person with psychosis requires compassion, consistency, and professional guidance. Here are some key strategies:

• Seek professional support: Early evaluation and treatment from a mental health professional are essential. A comprehensive care plan may include therapy, medication, and family support.

• Encourage medication adherence: If prescribed, ensure your child takes their medication consistently, as it can significantly reduce symptoms and prevent relapses.

• Create a supportive environment: Foster a calm, understanding atmosphere where your child feels safe sharing their experiences. Avoid judgment and practice active listening.

• Educate yourself and your child: Understanding psychosis can empower both you and your child to navigate the condition with greater confidence and reduce stigma.

• Build coping skills: Work with professionals to develop personalized strategies, such as mindfulness, stress management, or creative expression.

• Maintain structure: A consistent daily routine can offer stability and reduce confusion or distress.

• Encourage healthy relationships: Help your child stay socially connected with understanding peers, friends, and family members who offer encouragement and support.

 

When to Seek Immediate Help

Prompt action is essential when symptoms of psychosis escalate or pose a risk. Seek immediate professional help if your child:

• Exhibits severe or worsening psychotic symptoms

• Expresses thoughts of self-harm or harm to others

• Experiences significant difficulty in daily functioning

• Becomes increasingly agitated, aggressive, or withdrawn

• Shows major disruptions in sleep, appetite, or energy

• Struggles to distinguish between real and imagined experiences

• Poses a concern for their safety or the safety of others

 

Contact your healthcare provider, a mental health professional, or a local mental health crisis line for urgent support and guidance.