POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after an individual experiences or witnesses a traumatic or life-altering event. This might include abuse, the loss of a loved one, accidents, violence, or sudden environmental changes. PTSD is a natural response to overwhelming stress, but its effects can be long-lasting and deeply distressing if left unaddressed.

 

People with PTSD often re-experience the trauma through intrusive thoughts, vivid nightmares, or flashbacks. They may also feel intense emotional or physical reactions when reminded of the event, even if they are no longer in danger.

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 Causes and Triggers of PTSD

PTSD can be triggered by a wide range of distressing events, including:

• Physical or sexual abuse

• Serious accidents or natural disasters

• Childhood neglect or trauma

• Witnessing violence or life-threatening events

• Medical emergencies or chronic, life-threatening illnesses

 

Not everyone who experiences trauma will develop PTSD. Risk factors such as the severity and duration of the trauma, genetic predisposition, brain chemistry, support systems, and coping skills all play a role in how an individual responds to trauma.

 

PTSD in Children and Adolescents

Children and adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the effects of trauma, but their symptoms may look different from those of adults. Because young people may not fully understand or be able to express what they are feeling, it’s important to pay close attention to changes in behavior, mood, and functioning.

 

Early intervention and support are key in helping children heal and regain a sense of safety and control.

 

Signs and Symptoms of PTSD

PTSD symptoms may develop shortly after a traumatic event or may appear weeks or even months later. Common signs include:

• Intrusive memories: Recurring thoughts, nightmares, or flashbacks related to the trauma.

• Avoidance behaviors: Steering clear of places, people, or conversations that are reminders of the event.

• Negative changes in thoughts or mood: Persistent sadness, guilt, shame, hopelessness, or detachment from loved ones or previously enjoyed activities.

• Increased arousal or reactivity: Being easily startled, feeling constantly on edge, difficulty concentrating, trouble sleeping, or irritability.

• Behavioral changes: In children, this may appear as regression (e.g., bedwetting, clinginess), aggression, or withdrawal.

• Emotional distress: Intense feelings of fear, anger, or sadness that may result in emotional outbursts.

 

Supporting a Child with PTSD

Helping a child recover from trauma involves patience, consistency, and compassion. Here are ways you can support them:

• Offer reassurance and empathy: Validate their feelings and let them know it's okay to feel scared or upset. Reassure them they are safe and not alone.

• Maintain routine and structure: A consistent daily schedule can help rebuild a sense of stability and security.

• Encourage healthy expression: Give your child outlets for expressing their emotions, whether through talking, drawing, writing, or play.

• Teach calming techniques: Support your child in learning coping strategies like deep breathing, mindfulness, or grounding exercises.

• Promote wellness: Ensure they get regular physical activity, balanced nutrition, and adequate rest. These contribute to emotional and physical resilience.

• Seek professional help: A licensed therapist, particularly one trained in trauma-informed care, can provide essential tools and therapy tailored to your child’s needs.

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When to Seek Professional Help

If your child shows persistent or worsening symptoms of PTSD, it is important to seek help from a qualified mental health professional. Watch for signs such as:

• Ongoing difficulty with school, relationships, or daily routines

• Self-harming behaviors or thoughts of suicide

• Increasing emotional distress or withdrawal

• Inability to recover from the trauma over time

• Difficulty in supporting your child’s emotional needs on your own

 

Reach out to a pediatrician, school counselor, or mental health specialist who can guide you to appropriate treatment and support services.